Essay --

The Virgin Queen of EnglandElizabeth I, daughter of King Henry VIII and his second wife Anne Boleyn, a reput equal young queen who was exactly 25 years old when she earned the title The Queen of Great England in 1558. After being vest a queen, Elizabeth started bringing success to her people and country that she had been recognized as one of the most successful and significant monarchs England ever had. Her noticeable character was graven deep inside the history of England as a country and Europe as a continent her mark could not have been passed by unnoticed, and it is only appropriate to bring light upon it. Early Life of Queen Elizabeth IShe witnessed her first hardship when she had been only three years old. Her father, King Henry VIII, had current suspicions about her mothers strange behaviors, for he had suspected his second wife, Anne, to be performing the dishonorable act of adultery with more than five work force of the palaces chambers, one of the suspects being her ow n brother, stirring out a crime of incest and linking it to Anne. He then ordered the execution of Anne on the off-key charges of adultery which then stripped Princess Elizabeth of her title and left her going by Lady Elizabeth instead. Since Elizabeth had been declared illegitimate, many believed that she would never obtain the title queen. Fortunately for her, draw had it differently planned it out, and she grew to be the famous Virgin Queen of England. Elizabethan ReignQueen Elizabeth was an intelligent, courageous person. She could be described as the ideal queen of all times. Her bravery is one of the most admired traits which caused everyone in England to love her, based on her grand encounters. It was quite a popular detail of Elizabeths life th... ... the greatest and most powerful leaders that the world had ever known, when queen Elizabeth started to rule England, the country was already facing its hardest times ever, England was weakly and poor more than that the army wasnt stable and wasnt strong enough compared to other countries and it had a very weak government, but that few weeks after she started to rule England, everything had changed for good, and things that she could have made it in years she did it only in few weeks , by having all the support and love of her people she was able to push Britain on top of every country to be one of the most powerful and feared countries, queen Elizabeth was one of the most effective rulers she didnt just effect history but she also effected great writers and explorers, that without her being there England will never be known as much as it is in history right now.

Cannibalism ? A Cultural, Psychopathic, And Survival Approach (speech

IntroductionI.     Imagine our class as a rugby team and Mrs. Edwards as our coach as we were flying over the Himalayas for a tournament until our plane suddenly crashes.A.     Although were most of us survived, we barely cast any food to live on.B.     Would we agree to resort to cannibalism?II.     Cannibalism can be defined as any animal or human that eats their own kind.A.     But for the sake of my speech, we will localize on humans.B.     I know that you may be thinking how on earth I arrived to this topic or whether or not to hang some me but I consider cannibalism to be an interesting topic.III.     There are various ways cannibalism has been regarded today.A.     Cannibalism has been regarded as a strong aspect of pre-historical cultures around the world.B.     Cannibalism has been a prevailin g conflict in todays moral society.C.     Cannibalism has also been used as a means of survival.IV.     Although I havent eaten anyoneyet, I have consulted various databases for my topic.A.     I have printed in initialiseion off reliable websites.B.     I have delved into two books by other enthused cannibal experts.C.     I have also used Ebsco to find current articles on this hot topic.V.     Today I will present you my information in a topical format which is divided into subtopics.A.     We will first see how cannibalism has been prevalent in historical cultures.B.     We will then examine modern day cannibalism as justification for psychopathic actions. C.     And finally, we will see how cannibalism has been used as a means of survival.(Transition Let us first look at cannibalisms influence in pas t cultures.) BodyI.     Cannibalism has etched its mark in many cultures around the world. A.      The oldest evidence of cannibalism among Neanderthals was found in sites in the French cave Ardeche in southeastern France.1.  &nbs... ...al I simply hope you are now more informed on how cannibalism played roles in culture, modern-day psychopaths, and as a justified means of survival.II.     Because if you were stuck in plane crash in the Himalayas, would you resort to cannibalism? <div class="sub-title">BibliographyBooksSanday, Peggy Reeves. Divine Hunger Cannibalism as a Cultural System. New York, NY Cambridge University Press, 1986.Lindenbaum, Shirley. Kuru Sorcery Disease and Danger in the New Guinea Highlands. Palo Alto, CA Mayfield Publishing Company, 1979.ArticlesWong, Kathleen Couzin, Jennifer. French Couisine That Was Not For the Queasy. U.S. News & World Report 11 Oct. 1999 39.Internet Source sGoldman, Amy. Case Studies Jeffrey Dahmer. 28 Nov. 1999 last revision. < <a href="http//www.serialkillers.net/cases/dahmer.html">http//www.serialkillers.net/cases/dahmer.html > 28 Nov. 1999.Brockman, Jason McDanal, Erin. Colorado State Archives Alfred Packer. 13 Sept 2000 last updated. < <a href="http//www.archives.state.co.us/packer.html">http//www.archives.state.co.us/packer.html > 1996.

Forensic Science Essay -- Forensics essays research papers

Forensic Science, also known as Forensics, is the application of intelligence to law. It uses highly developed technology to uncover scientific test in a variety of fields. Modern forensic science has a broad range of applications. It is used in civil cases such as forgeries, stratagem or negligence.The intimately common use of forensic science is to investigate criminal casesinvolving a victim, such as assault, robbery, kidnapping , rape, or murder. Forensic science is also used in monitoring the compliance of variouscountries with such international agreements as the Nuclear Non-ProliferationTreaty and the Chemical Weapons Convention and to register whether a countryis developing a secret nuclear weapons program. It can help law enforcementofficials determine whether any laws or regulations dupe been violated in themarketing of foods and drinks, the manufacture of medicines, or the use ofpesticides on crops. It can also determine whether drinking water meets legalpurity requir ements. The medical examiner is the most important individual in aninvestigation of a crime involving a victim. It is the responsibility of themedical examiner to visit the crime scene, conduct an autopsy (examinationof the body) in cases of death, examine the medical evidence and lab reports,study the victims history, and put all the information together in a report to beturned in to the district attorney.Medical examiners are usually physicians specializing in forensicpathology, the study of structural and functional changes in the body as aresult of injury. Their instruct and qualifications most often include a medicaldegree and an apprenticeship in a medical examiners office.In the field of forensic science, there are many another(prenominal) subspecialties. Theyinclude odontology (the study of teeth), anthropology(the study of humanbeings), psychiatry, biology, chemistry, physics, toxicology (the study ofpoisons), and pathology (the examination of body tissues and fluids). Th emedical examiner may call upon forensic scientists who are specialized inthese fields for help in a crime investigation.Toxicology is a branch of forensic science that deals with the adverseeffects of drugs and poisonous chemicals found in the home, at work or in theenvironment. All drugs have toxic effect but the effect is most often minor.The toxic effect of drugs... ...d, communities began requiring that coroners have specific academictraining. In 1877, Massachusetts replaced the coroners office with the Officeof the Medical Examiner, which was to be headed by a physician. Soon manyother states followed. In 1915 refreshful York City established a program wherethe medical examiner was authorized to investigate all deaths that occurred topeople who appeared to be in good health, that resulted from criminalviolence, accidents, or suicides.Computer technology now allows law enforcement officers o recordfingerprints digitally and to transmit and receive information for quickidenti fication. Recent developments in technology allows scientists o examinethe deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or genetic material of blood, hair, skin, orsemen to see if they belong to the victim or the suspected criminal. Usingpolymerase chain reaction (PCR), a lab can clone the DNA from a very smallsample of one of those substances.Forensic science as practiced like a shot is a field of science medicine that useselectron microscopes, lasers, ultraviolet and infrared light, advanced chemical techniques and computerized databanks to analyze and research evidence.

Discrimination Challenges Essay -- Racial Relations, Social Issues, Ha

Growing up in the early 1900s was not easy especially if you were a women and/or black. Hansberry was both and with that, she faced discrimination challenges. As she grew as a women and writer, a person respected her more and saw her for more than her race and the fact she was a woman. Throughout her life, she fought for her rights and stood up for a cause, until her early tragic death from cancer. Lorraine Hansberry grew up during the American Civil Rights movement, managed to overcome the hard ms of segregation, the lack of womens rights, and the boisterous criticism of the critics to become a strong writer, which she used to make a difference for African Americans through all her writings.1Hansberry grew up in trying times with her two parents, from the beginning she wanted to make a difference. Lorrain Vivian Hansberry was born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1930, to Carl A. Hansberry and Nanny Perry Hansberry and was the youngest of four children.(4) Throughout her childhood, thank s to her familys plentiful involvement in the black community, she was surrounded by black politics, culture, and economics. Her father, a relator, was very active in the NAACP andher mother, a former schoolteacher, was a ward committeewoman(4) When she was octad her family moved into a white community but was later forced out. Hansberry learned another lesson in pride in 1938 when her father, risking jail, challenged Chicagos trustworthy estate convents, which legally upheld housing discrimination, by moving his own family into a white neighborhood. (4). Hansberry herself believed righteousness was a crutch and this belief is reflected in her near-dismissal of both Christianity and the native religion of Zatembe in Les Blancs. (Paper 2). Facing some ... ... in the Sun Canned Film Festavel special award and Screen Writers Guide nomination, both 1961, both for screenplay, A Raisin in the Sun. (http//libproxy.wcjc.cc.tx.us2368) (9)Hansberry was named the most promising playwrit e of the season by Varietys poll of New York drama critics.(9)But most critics did not perceive Hansberry as a particulary political or black writer, but rather as one who dealt more with human universals. (9)With only a short amount of time spent in this world, Hansberry was able to make difference to many people inside and outside of the literature world. She stood up for her rights, which helped her find love and peace. Hansberry faced many tough challenges throughout her life from race discrimination to harsh critics on her books and plays but she believed in herself and took charge to try to make a difference.

Ezeulus Defeat in Chinua Achebes Arrow of God Essay -- Achebe Arrow

Ezeulus Defeat in Chinua Achebes Arrow of GodWhen the Umuaro tribe began to encounter the spreading European compoundists, most realized that the colonialists were non like their other enemies and that they could not be defeated in the same way. So, even those most fiercely opposed to the colonial presence at prime(prenominal) eventually conformed to its power. However, Ezeulu, the tragic hero of Chinua Achebes Arrow of God, was not the typical Umuaro villager. As the chief priest of the powerful deity Ulu, Ezeulu felt that he could be subordinate to no one and accordingly rose up in direct confrontation with both the colonialists and his own community. Even as strong of a man as Ezeulu could not shin successfully against such outnumbering odds Ezeulu was defeated completely and witnessed the breakdown of his family, his religion, and even his own sanity.The first contact that the Umuaro villagers had with the colonialists in the novel came as the result of a war stemming from a land dispute with a neighboring village, Okperi. Ezeulus actions in this conflict would spirt the future relationship between himself and colonial Captain Winterbottom, called Wintabota by the villagers. The conflict leading up to the war began in an Umuaro meeting of the elders. Being a pop society, the village had no chief and therefore relied on the assembly to make decisions, such as whether or not to go to war. Nwaka, an important Umuaro elder, led the people to believe that they should attack the Okperi people because they had infringed upon farmland that traditionally belonged to Umuaro. Ezeulu did not agree with the war and believed that it would not be accepted by the gods. Therefore, he said, If you choose to fight a man for a piece ... ...tting their old god. As Ezeulu realized that the title of Ezeulu would not be passed on to one of his remaining sons (and that they would probably not accept it even if it was available), he lost his sanity. Everything that had been important to him, his family, his religion, and his community had abandoned him. Now, even his own mind turned against him.Achebes Arrow of God is such a powerful novel because it shows that the immense power of colonialism can cripple even the strongest of men like Ezeulu. While we watch Ezeulu spending the remainder of his waning tone living in the haughty splendor of a demented high priest spared the knowledge of the final outcome, a question forms in our minds if Ezeulu could not footstall up to the white man, what chance did the average man have? (229).Work CitedAchebe, Chinua. Arrow of God. New York Anchor Books, 1969.

Ezeulus Defeat in Chinua Achebes Arrow of God Essay -- Achebe Arrow

Ezeulus Defeat in Chinua Achebes Arrow of GodWhen the Umuaro people began to encounter the dispersal European colonialists, most realized that the colonialists were non like their other enemies and that they could not be defeated in the same way. So, even those most fiercely contrasted to the colonial presence at first eventually conformed to its power. However, Ezeulu, the tragic hero of Chinua Achebes Arrow of God, was not the typical Umuaro villager. As the chief priest of the powerful theology Ulu, Ezeulu felt that he could be subordinate to no one and accordingly rose up in direct confrontation with both the colonialists and his proclaim community. thus far as strong of a man as Ezeulu could not fight successfully against such(prenominal) outnumbering odds Ezeulu was defeated completely and witnessed the breakdown of his family, his religion, and even his own sanity.The first contact that the Umuaro villagers had with the colonialists in the novel came as the result of a wa r stemming from a land dispute with a neighboring village, Okperi. Ezeulus actions in this conflict would shape the future relationship between himself and colonial Captain Winterbottom, cal conduct Wintabota by the villagers. The conflict leading up to the war began in an Umuaro meeting of the elders. Being a democratic society, the village had no chief and therefore relied on the assembly to make decisions, such as whether or not to go to war. Nwaka, an important Umuaro elder, led the people to believe that they should attack the Okperi people because they had infringed upon farmland that traditionally belonged to Umuaro. Ezeulu did not agree with the war and believed that it would not be accepted by the gods. Therefore, he said, If you ingest to fight a man for a piece ... ...tting their old god. As Ezeulu realized that the title of Ezeulu would not be passed on to one of his remaining sons (and that they would credibly not accept it even if it was available), he lost his sani ty. Everything that had been important to him, his family, his religion, and his community had abandoned him. Now, even his own mind turned against him.Achebes Arrow of God is such a powerful novel because it shows that the immense power of colonialism can cripple even the strongest of men like Ezeulu. While we watch Ezeulu spending the remainder of his decrease life living in the haughty splendor of a demented high priest spared the knowledge of the final outcome, a question forms in our minds if Ezeulu could not stand up to the white man, what chance did the average man have? (229).Work CitedAchebe, Chinua. Arrow of God. New York Anchor Books, 1969.

What Kind of Person Is an Overambitious Parent

What kind of person is an overambitious parent for each one and every person on this planet has about aims, ambitions, dreams. We all hasten this picture in our minds of how our life is supposed to be and we do everything we can to shuffling it real. But a wise man at once verbalise that while were making plans, God is laughing. Not achieving the life you yearn often leads to negative emotions and depression. Some wad learn to let go of their dreams and rectify new targets. Others never quite get over their failure and always make up ones mindk ways to see their goal accomplished. Often, these people become overambitious parents.I have been a witness of what having an overambitious parent is like. One of my closest friends mother had always been very goal-oriented, precisely unfortunately fate had other plans for her. As a result, she tried to make her dreams on her two kids. She always pushed them to the limit, expecting them to excel in all areas of life. She rarely le ftover them time (to)relax and have (maybe you can put necessitous time for themselves) time for themselves. She expected only the best from them and when they didnt manage to live up to her high standards, things always ended up with screaming and sobbing from two sides.Her way of stimulating them was to bring them down, telling them some pretty harsh words and constantly nagging. What she failed to grasp was that her kids were divers(prenominal) from her, with different view of the world, their own intellection and ambitions. Their deepest yearnings werent the same as hers. In the end, all she wanted was to see them successful and fulfilled, but she couldnt fully understand what was best for them and chose the defective approach. What this type of parents fail to see is that theyre driving their kids away from home and are, sometimes, the cause of depression. Ambition is cheeseparing, but there are borders to everything.We are all different, our destinies are different and no one should force us to choose another way in life. After all, we only get one chance in life. I give you and F+ because you said its a bad essay and mislead me into thinking that its actually going to be bad. Actually its a pretty good read and I dont see any need to correct anything more or less. Vicky What kind of person is an overambitious parent Each and every person on this planet has some goals, ambitions, dreams. We all have this picture in our minds of how our life is supposed to be and we do everything we can to make it real.But a wise man once said that while were making plans, God is laughing. Not achieving the life you yearn often leads to negative emotions and depression. Some people learn to let go of their dreams and set new targets. Others never quite get over their failure and always seek ways to see their goal accomplished. Often, these people become overambitious parents. I have been a witness of what having an overambitious parent is like. One of my closest fr iends mother had always been very goal-oriented, but unfortunately fate had other plans for her. As a result, she tried to force her dreams on her two kids.She always pushed them to the limit, expecting them to excel in all areas of life. She rarely left them time to relax and have free time for themselves. She expected only the best from them and when they didnt manage to live up to her high standards, things always ended up with screaming and sobbing from both sides. Her way of stimulating them was to bring them down, telling them some pretty harsh words and constantly nagging. What she failed to grasp was that her kids were different from her, with different view of the world, their own opinion and ambitions.Their deepest yearnings werent the same as hers. In the end, all she wanted was to see them successful and fulfilled, but she couldnt fully understand what was best for them and chose the wrong approach. What this type of parents fail to see is that theyre driving their kids away from home and are, sometimes, the cause of depression. Ambition is good, but there are borders to everything. We are all different, our destinies are different and no one should force us to choose another way in life. After all, we only get one chance in life.

Do males and females have different abilities when estimating size?

Question Do males and females have different abilities when estimating size? Abstract This wisdom research the different abilities in reckon sizes between males and females. And the research was taken from an experiment with 20 Chinese teenagers between 15 and 18. The opening was males abilities when estimating sizes is better than females. ingress As we all know, males and females are different in many abilities, and this research for testing difference between males and females estimating size.And this ability also is affected by the close from the child, their brain have different talent. The hypothesis was those males abilities when estimating size is better than females abilities. Research Methodology In this experiment, there had 10 males and 10 females age from 15 to 17 as experiment objects. Firstly, a textbook (width 20. 7cm), a MP3 (length 8cm) and an ID card (width 5. 4cm) were measured by a ruler. In each subject, everyone stood one meter away from me, and hence they could observe each one for 10 seconds.After that, they should tell me their estimation. Finally, the data was collected into the table to comparison and prove the assumption. Research Results The results were inconsistent with my previous hypothesis females locoweed estimate stuff more accurate than males. The raw data of males and females measuring results of textbook, MP3 and ID card were cleared up to Appendix 1 and Appendix 2. The table beneath shows that the experimental results of different gender of teenagers from 15 to 18 have different estimated capacity.As we can see clearly from the mean about textbook, males was 20. 24cm and females was 18. 4cm, which shows males had 0. 46cm of the deviation and females had 2. 3cm of the deviation. And from the result of MP3 and ID card, the males were 7. 11cm and 4. 61cm, however, females were 7. 5cm and 5cm, these absorb females measuring results were more accurate. textbook (20. 7cm) MP3 (8cm) ID card (5. 4cm) Mean (cm) Error Me an (cm) Error Mean (cm) Error Male 20. 24 0. 46 7. 11 0. 89 4. 61 0. 79 Female 18. 4 2. 7. 5 0. 5 5 0. 4 *Error means actual value average and all determine are absolute value Discussion Compare the results and the hypothesis, the results show females ability in estimating sizes is better than males captivity. So this result is not the same as the hypothesis we put forward. We can see from these two tables below, when males and females estimate the bigger size (textbook), the accuracy of males guessing sizes is more accurate than females, and the mean of males result is 20. 24cm, the error equitable is 0. 46cm,

Macbeth Act Iv Lines 111-134

In Macbeth Act IV scene 1 lines 111-134, William Shakespeare heightens the themes of guilt and conscience and order and disorder, Shakespeare withal furthers Macbeths character in his ambition whole through the utilization of punctuation mark, imagery, and irony through royal imagery. In this passage, Macbeth speaks to the wierd sisters and they speak back to him, the passage ends with a soliloquy. We already know going into this section of the play as previously discussed by my colleagues Keegan and Alex, that Macbeth has gone under quite a change.Out of fear and paranoia, he has inflexible to seek out the witches in search of the answers of his future. Although macbeth has experienced this change, his guilt of the murder of Banquo is evident in this passage. Macbeth has just been presumptuousness his prophecy and this bonus hallucination is given by Shakespeare as a glimpse into Macbeths state of mind. The First device shakespeare utilizes is punctuation. With one quick glance at these lines, Shakespeares vast use of punctuation is immediately evident.In these lines there are six periods, nine exclamation points, five colons, two semicolons, nine commas, and five oral sex marks. Firstly, shakespeare utilizes exclamation points, which are only form in Macbeths lines to display Macbeths surprise in the hallucinations he is witnessing, this surprise then brings Macbeth to question what the witches are showing him, hence the use of question marks. For example, in line 115, Macbeth asks why do you show me this? and before his question can be answered, yet another hallucination of a king enters.A uniform event occurs at line 118. Usually when there is a comma used, there is another thought which follows, this occurs when Macbeth says and yet the eight appears, who bears a glass Banquo smiles upon me, and points at them for his when the witch says Ill charm the air to give a sound, while you perform your antic round and that this great king may kindly say, o ur duties did his pleasant pay Alone, the utilization of a specific form of punctuation contributes its accept benefits for example, a comma contributes another idea.Altogether, however, the massive amount of punctuation used by Shakespeare really creates a sense of confusion, thus heightening the theme of order and disorder. The second device used is sorcery and super serviceman imagery. Examples of this found in the text are spirit filthy hags crack of doom blood-bolterd banquo antic round and accursed Shakespeares use of such words reinforce the presence of the supernatural that Macbeth is currently experiencing and further the theme of the supernatural.The third and final device Shakespeare uses is irony through royal imagery. In the vision of the eight kings which pass by Macbeth, all of whom looking like Banquo which is irony in itself, Shakespeare describes the eight kings by only giving information on monarch cerebrate objects, for example, thy crown does sear exploit e yeballs thou other gold-bound brow is like the first. both(prenominal) I see that two-fold balls and treble scepters carry.Shakespeare furthers Macbeths character as the fixation of the crown related objects suggests Macbeths hurt and regression for power has grown thus heightening the theme of ambition and furthers Macbeths character in illustration of the change that has flood out him. As stated earlier, Macbeth has already received his prophecy, so why would the witches give him more visions? In the lines prior to the start of the show of kings, all the witches say, Show his eyeball and grieve his heart, come like shadows, so depart. What the witches are doing Is creating vision out of Macbeths guilts fears and worries, thus the eight kings which appear. Shakespeare is suggesting that Macbeths immense guilt of Banquos death, and hunger for power are the reasons causing this bizarre hallucination, which continues to further Macbeths character in the theme of ambition and gui lty conscience in the illustration of his obsession with the crown and Banquo.So far, we have focused upon the devices present in the lines, but what about the devices that arent? Shakespeare did not include a time motif in this passage, not while the witches were present that is. When the witches disappeared, the time motif is reaffirmed. Time, is man made and represents order, in the absence of the time motif while the witches are present Shakespeare is suggesting that the witches are the base of the disorder and chaos experienced, thus heightening the theme of order and disorder.In the context of the human condition, Shakespeare suggests that ones colossal guilt and desires manifested in length result eventually lead to their inevitable destruction. Understanding the sins we have committed, and learning from the mistakes we have made is utterly important in our mental health and in some cases our existence. The opposite is displayed in Macbeths character as he continues to stri ve for an increase in power. This ambition is unhealthy, and eventually leads to Macbeths destruction.Not only is this aspect of the human condition found in Macbeth, but is also commonly found throughout history, most recently, the late Muammer al-Gaddafi of Libya, whos obsession for power in his own country, just like Macbeth lead to his timely end. In the tragedy of Macbeth act IV scene I lines 111-134, William Shakespeare forces the reader to question human nature as it pertains to guilt and unchecked ambition in the face of desperation and confusion. Now Dmitri will deconstruct his lines through a video presentation. Thank you.

Competitive Advantage †Microsoft Case Essay

When trying to spill the beans of MSs success, the titles of two books from Bill Gates slip into my mind. They argon The Road Ahead and Business the speed of thought, which I would translate into Direction and Speed and could be the reason for MSs success be good at setting strategy and adapting to the changes. However, to reframe them within the context of Modern Competitive Strategy, the reasons for MSs success are to create and maintain its innovative COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGES.With the analysis of it competitive advantages, MSs profitability was more rely on its ability to DEFEND its market position rather than to create. To endue it another way, the usage of MSs resources and capabilities can be better understood in light of isolating mechanisms.On one hand, MS point on increasing customer retention. Software is an experience good. It can be tell exactly from the name Windows XP where XP is short for experience. For an experience good, the search salutes, training cost and l earning cost are high, which in turn help to increase customer retention. Here is a classic example. In 1998, Bill Gates gave his run-in at Washington University and talk about piracy in China, and he said About 3 million computers get sold every family in China, but people dont pay for the software.Someday they will, though. As long as they are going to dislocate it, we want them to steal ours. Theyll get sort of addicted, and then well somehow figure out how to collect sometime in the next decade. For the same reason, MS bundled Office Suite, expanded legion platforms, and gave many stuffs/features for free ilk IE and Media Player. We can expect the adding to the list will grow on and on. Its broad scope of products and global presence overly helped MS to increase customer retention.On the other hand, MS defend its market position fiercely. A typical tactic used by MS is the prohibitive development cost. For example, it spent $2 billion alone in 2001 for its .net platform. W hen MS identifies a potential threat, it react with all of it resources and capabilities to compete with. Through expel technology, enticement OEM manufactures, or even giving for free, it won battles over Office Suite, OS, Internet browser and media player.As a result, MS stands above its competitors and reaps its profit like printing money. For example, while application software price dropped by an average of 8.9% at 1989, MS could raise its OS price. While WordPerfect was priced at $79, MS supercharged $249 for upgrades of Office 2000.The challenges MS faced somehow derived from its own marketing activities. The antitrust litigation is a warning for its aggressive assault on its competitors. In general, Microsoft should go forward focus on defending its market positions, using its resources and capabilities cautiously and smartly. Its isolation mechanisms could be enhanced by strategies like product development and acquisition, platform integration, user and channel enticeme nt, all happen at prohibitive cost.

Quick Books Essay

.Rissy Montoya Acct 31 Information Technology (IT) is a foundation for conducting melody today. It plays a critical role in increasing productivity of firms and entire nation. It is turn up that firms who invested in IT keep back experienced continued growth in productivity and efficiency. Many companies survival and even existence without use of IT is unimaginable. IT has become the largest component of nifty investment for companies in the United States and many other countries. Accounting/Finance application systems and QuickBooks let you manage your business with a little or no experience.All three application systems allow the users to manage the companies capital including bookkeeping, inventory, non-inventory & service items, sales orders, purchase orders, and reports. It allows the companies to keep tracking of the financial assets and at the same time have the information the accountant needs. Using the accounting/finance application system, makes it easier to bring out and process the data rather than manually enter and process the data.. QuickBooks is an accounting software package which is developed by Intuit, Inc. It was launched in the 90s and since than it is one of the market leaders in accounting software.The software was designed to help the small business owners who had no formal accounting training. Very shortly after the introduction, there was no doubt that the product is going to be a hit. With a deep focalisation for the non-accountant, and a lower price than the competitors products, it outsmarted its competitions. Intuit states that the societys mission is to create new ways to manage personal finances and small businesses that are so hard and simple, customers cannot Imagine going back to the old way QuickBooks created an application that is most commonly used accounting product for small businesses QuickBooks masterThe world today is in the computer age. Almost everyone now has a computer or access to a computer. Now that a lmost everyone knows how to use a computer, almost every business has one. Businesss before had to rely on people to do all the accounting by hand, and doing the accounting for a business used to dissipate a lot of man-hours to complete. Businesss slowly moved into letting computers do a lot of the work for them, but they still had people to hobble on the computers because the applications that they were victimisation would sometimes screw up and cause a lot of confusion or even loss of money.With the latest application QuickBooks Pro 2011, there is little need for any backup measures. This application does everything that the business needs to do, manage your business, track time, do payroll, develop estimates, and much more. QuickBooks Pro 2011 right away finds the reports you need with the Report Finder, shows you critical information about your business at a glance with Company and Customer Centers, and track Features of QuickBooks that will help the company implement sound internal control policies and procedures Access to accounting records should be limited to designated individuals.Once a transaction has been entered, the ability to change or delete it on the whole should be limited to some other individual, preferably an accounting manager. Financial statements should be prepared monthly, with gross profit percentage and expense percentages, so that vigilance can question apparent errors or omissions. The monthly financial statements should be comparative, i. e. show last years figures alongside this years, preferably with percentages as well as dollar amounts, to make apparent any significant variations in revenue or expense items that should be investigated for possible error or even fraud.Budgets should be prepared, and variances between actual and budgeted figures should be shown on budgetary income statements each month. The deficiencies with this program for internal control starts when you initially set up your accounts, you enter in your beginning account balance amounts (unless you are a brand new company with no activity). The problem is that if you do not input an amount, or input an amount correctly, the difference will go to Opening Balance Equity.If it is not fixed, it will stay there indefinitely. QuickBooks will allow you to enter a transaction for any date that you wish. While this is convenient for purposes of making projections, it can have bad consequences if you go backwards. QuickBooks retains every transaction you enter from the day you started using it. While this is useful to get historical information, on a practical basis, the file sizes can easily get large enough to be rebellious and slow your computer. Conclucion

A Good Manager Essay

Managers can use humor and give their employees small tokens of appreciation for work well done. Also, when leadership themselves are in good moods, group members are more positive, and as a result they cooperate more. 127 Finally, selecting positive team members can have a contagion effect because positive moods transmit from team member to team member CASES Emotions and positive moods appear to facilitate effective decision making and creativity. young research suggests mood is linked to motivation, especially through feedback.Leaders rely on emotions to increase their effectiveness. The display of emotions is important to social look like duologue and customer service. The experience of emotions is closely linked to Job attitudes and behaviors that follow from attitudes, such as deviant workplace behavior. Our final swayrial implication is a suspense can managers control colleagues and employees emotions and moods? Certainly there are limits, practical and ethical. Emotions and moods are a natural part of an individuals makeup.Where managers err is in ignoring co-workers and employees emotions and assessing others behavior as if it were completely rational. As one consultant aptly put it, muff cant disjoin emotions from the workplace because you cant divorce emotions from flock. 129 Managers who understand the role of emotions and moods will significantly improve their ability to explain and predict their co-workers and employees behavior. 1 . The first reason can be the diversity of people because not everybody has the same action and reaction there are different kind of people who have different emotion and feelings.It will become harder to manage employees when the organization becomes bigger. In addition to these, as mentioned in the case the way of acting peoples business culture and etiquette sometimes can constitute ineffective managing environment. Applying wrongful behaviors like shouting when somebody did wrong work is the indicator of th e poor managing. I think the emotions or reactions of people are cogitate with their psychology but not their education level. A Good Manager By Miramar

A Condensed Version of Renato Constantino’s Works on Nationalism Essay

NATIONALISM has been a word every citizen had heard non only once hardly a lot of seasons speci entirelyy for a accounting student like me simply this sentence no hourlong fulfilling a require handst for an down the stairsgraduate degree but to a much prolific bingle the GRADUATE SCHOOL. Still the definition of Nationalism had non changed over the course of time, it is unflurried equated with the word PATRIOTISM or love for unitarys country. The ch each(prenominal)enge to write a paper on iodine of the pioneers of PHILIPPINE NATIONALISM has been a herculean task for the reason that the late RENATO CONSTANTINOs theories is not an slow one to write. He had been a nationalist in heart and spirit.As one of my literature professors used to say, YOU ass CAPTURE THE message OF A PERSON BY SWEET WORDS UTTERED BUT NOT IN SPIRIT COZ THAT IS A SEPARATE REALM THAT ONLY YOU, YOURSELF CAN SEE with that only RENATO CONSTANTINO tidy sum see the spirit apart from feeling it too. F or this paper, I leave behind be delving on THREE works of RENATO CONSTANTINO all compiled into one condensed pamphlet entitled DISSENT AND COUNTERCONSCIOUSNESS. I depart be faced with the task of analyzing the said compilation, giving insights and overviews and the much-awaited conclusion. As a former subversive, I was dogmatized with Karl Marx, monoamine oxidase Tse Tung and Renato Constantino not because the latter was a leftist like me but more of a nationalist in the truest sense of the word. To understand him and his works, it would be a fair deal to k at one time somethingab unwrap this man.WHO IS RENATO CONSTANTINO?He was born on March 10, 1919. He was the eldest among the three children of Atty. Amador Constantino and Francisca Reyes. While in his pre-adolescent historic period, he had a grand time listening to the stories of his maternal grandmother about the abuses made by the Spanish friars. In one right smart or another, he had certain an early wittingness of the plight of his fellowmen. All throughout his school years, he was a product of public schools Arellano High School and University of the Philippines.He was the youngest editor-in-chief of the Philippine collegian (the school organ of UP). He was withal a star debater and after providing a critical approach to Manuel Luis Quezons speech, Constantino became a fan of the enormous man, Quezon. He joined the Philippine troops in Bataan during the Japanese regime and luckily was not captured since he went into hiding in Bula shadow.He was a professor in Far Eastern University (FEU), Adamson University, Arellano University, University of the Philippines both in Manila and Diliman. He was in addition a lecturer here and afield since it has something to do with being an administrator secretary to the Philippine Mission to United Nations from 1946 to 1949. He became an official journalist from 1945 to 1998 on Evening Herald, Balita, Manila Bulletin, Manila Chronicle, Daily Globe and Mal aya among others. He was also a well- cognize historian and writer. He was married to Letizia Roxas since 1946. They oblige two children Renato Jr. and Karina who is married to the political commentator Randy David.He died on kinsfolk 15, 1999. Renato Constantinos life had been a sheltered one but his father, a honoryer had taught him about license. He did not shield Renato from the true realities of life, the existence of conquest and exploitation. At a young age, he had the consciousness of being a nationalist, of someone who wants to uplift the sufferings of his fellowmen. Through his columns at several newspapers, his lectures, his t individuallyings and his works he had reached his close and that is awakening the Filipinos and I am not afraid to admit I was and still is one of his disciples.THE BOOK DISSENT AND COUNTER-CONSCIOUSNESSThis contain is a compilation of 3 pamphlets of Renato Constantino namely Origin of the Myth, Veneration without Understanding and A Leadersh ip for Filipinos. It would not be a fair deal if I go straight to the overview of this book without tackling some of the pamphlets related to this book such as Nationalism and Liberation, Synthetic Culture and Development and Identity and Consciousness. Nationalism as defined by Wikipedia as a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms and in Renato Constantinos eyes nationalism has been described as an end-result of a distorted history of colonization. In his pamphlet, Nationalism and Liberation. He traced the history of colonization in the Philippines. From the time that the two super mightinesss of the Old World Spain and Portugal had spent money for sponsoring expeditions to the discovery of the Philippines by Ferdinand Magellan to the propagation of Christianity to the natives as a tool of imperialism.Constantino had been trying to awaken the consciousness of each one of us to what had bee n the truth all along. A distorted one as he aptly described it. The Spanish colonizers had not only captured our police van but also our spirits, they imbibed changes mostly negative values which are still inherent up to todays generation. We pee been brain-washed with their ideas and philosophies which in one way or another had created diversity among the Filipino batch.In this line, Constantino had compared us with other Southeast asian countries like Thailand and Indonesia to name a few the former had not experienced colonial rule but the latter had been a different case since it was under colonial rule from the British to the French yet Indonesia had opted to be independent amidst its diversity. It had adopted political and scotch independence through the consciousness among its people starting with one language which is Bahasa Indonesia. Thailand on the other hand been a monarchial rule, blood and class count but still the people assay to gain independence and the class s truggle had been one big problem to be solved but at present Thailand managed to be ousted from the list of THIRDWORLD COUNTRIES.Through History, Constantino wants us, the Filipino people to learn the lessons from the past and that we can neer be forever dependent on a foreign colony to survive. We stick to struggle to be free from oppression and exploitation of foreign powers. He wants us to go bum to the grassroots to be self-reliant in our ways. Economic independence is the goal here and the key is not to depend on Transnational Corporations(TNCs). The government should create programs which would benefit more the Filipino people than the aliens. We have to turn this country from an import-oriented to an export-oriented one. For now, we can see it is still a far-fetched stargaze but who knows from the lessons in condition(p) from History the consciousness of being NEW FILIPINOS volition take butt from now on.Regarding the pamphlet Synthetic Culture and Development. Renat o Constantino had explored the ills of neocolonialism. No companionship can exist without a culture. As Amilcar Cabral quoted Culture is the dynamic synthesis.at the level of individual or community consciousness, of the stuff and nonsense and spiritual historical humans of a society or a human group with the relations existing between man and nature as well as among men and among social classes and sectors however the culture prevailing in our society had been described by Constantino as synthetic which as defined inwardness fake or artificial. The one put to blame here is the MASS MEDIA since it is the main root of COMMUNICATION. Communication means to convey a message and we cannot deny the fact that Media has been a powerful tool in opening the doors of communication among the people. From the information known and unknown to people, we are on guard day by day with the changes. The power of Neocolonialism plays a vital role in our having a synthetic culture. We have been inf luenced by the foreign power, the United States most particularly. From our love and addiction to imported items, pursuit employment and climbing the corporate ladder owned by the Transnational Corporations (TNCs), being an immigrant in the land referred as the LAND OF MILK AND HONEY.We have this western consciousness in each one of us and according to Constantino, if this would be the case where is the Filipino consciousness? Filipino identity? With this fact, as we canvas deeper, the Filipino people are strong propagatorsof colonial mentality, that we should speak,train,dress, feel like Westerners. In his pamphlet THE WESTERNIZING FACTORS IN THE PHILIPPINES, we are demoted to what he termed as PETTY BOURGEOISFICATION which means we are merely shopkeepers,salesmen, professionals,government employees etc. in other words salutary mass products of a society. That being the CEOs and presidents leave alone only be far-fetched dreams. Our identity has been laced or binded with Weste rn influence and that the latter had used MEDIA to achieve that goal. An example would be we know more about Tom Cruise than Nora Aunor.We opted to patronize foreign movies than local ones. As shallow as these examples, it still signifies one thing, we are more identified, familiar and attached with western influences than our own. And that is what Constantino had been describing and detailing on the synthetic culture. He wants a People-Culture than a Synthetic one and this can be achieved through (a) formulation and development of comprehensive national communication policies which should evolve from broad consultations with all sectors concerned (b) removal of obstacles and restrictions which derive from the concentration of media ownership, public or private from commercial influence on press and broadcasting (c) effective legal measures to rig the process of concentration and monopolization (d) strengthening cultural identity and creativity through the establishment of national cultural policies such as going back to the grassroots culture (e) development of essential elements of communication (f) access to technical information and advanced communications technology and (g) democratizing media management. Lastly, the pamphlet Identity and Consciousness, Renato Constantino had explored the whys in that location is an absence of consciousness among the Filipino people. He had traced the real truth to two factors namely Elitism and Ignorance.LITISMTracing back to our History lessons in that location had been the issue of class, of a disengagement of people in terms of wealth and power. From the pre-colonial times, the barangay form of government had been ruled by the datu and in that respect had been a disparity between the datu and the alipin saguigilid. Then when the Spaniards came, they used the Filipino elite to exploit the resources. They had encouraged the elite to go abroad to study with the likes of Jose Rizal and Marcelo del Pilar among others to form a movement because up frontthey want to be free from the Spanish rule but still adamant to use revolutionary means to end the struggle. Under the American Regime, the elite this time under Aguinaldo, Quezon until Jose P. Laurel, they have been educated abroad but still imbibed with western consciousness. Under the neocolonial rule, it is still the same ball game, our exceeders have been educated and trained abroad but still the identity remains the same, western development had been more attractive and where do we contribute this mistake? This painful result?To us, the Filipino people. We have not learned anything from History. Until now, we are still innate . We are still unidentified and not conscious of being Filipinos. It is like going to school without an appellation card (ID) we are still nameless. The western influence had built us to be this way and they are succeeding, until now we are still under their rule-of-thumb rase if we dont have their military bases here in our territory, still we are communicately more identified with them than by being a Filipino. Constantino had been clear on this topic.Unless the consciousness develops , identity go forth follow. But it is an illusion until now because we can see for ourselves that we need the United States to keep our economy going, that we are still dreaming of becoming the 57th state of United States. It had been an inherent dream that we will be spending in US dollars and not in pesos, that we dont have to go to the US Embassy to get our visas and that the imported goods will be sold at more affordable prices.Unless there will be an scotch revolution which could start from going back to the grassroots, and that we will realize that our country is an agricultural one more than an industrial zone. Until the time that we will have the consciousness that we are Filipinos with less dependency on Western influences. That will be the only time that our identity as Filipinos will be established. That will also be the time that the spirit of Filipino nationalism has been embraced by each and everyone of us. Now in correlation with the book DISSENT AND COUNTER-CONSCIOUSNESS, as I have mentioned earlier it is a compilation of three pamphlets so it would be best to discuss the pamphlets first before citing an overview of the whole book.1) ORIGIN OF THE MYTHHere Constantino tried to discuss about the myth regarding United States relationship with the Philippines. As we try to recall history, we have learned that United States at first has no affaire in the Philippines but when it started to crave for a niche in the SUPERPOWER realm, it had realized that colonizing Philippines is not a bad idea but more of a sign that US was ready to be a first class conqueror thus bribeing us from the Spanish rulers via Gen. Emilio Aguinaldo in Hongkong, twas the mock contend took place. We were not aware of the fact that US has come not only to conquer but to stay, it was only later after th e Hares-Hawes Cutting Law took place during the Commonwealth period that we had this instant realization that United States was a mother colony and we are under their beck and call.It was not the fault of Manuel Quezons ignorance that pushed him to sign the Tydings-McDuffie law since one of the premises there was to grant self-government after ten years. Adding to the fact, that there was the outbreak of Second World War, and that Philippines was in the dumps economically speaking. US was there to lend a hand through foreign aid. The government had not been fully aware of the motives of the US government because of the value instilled by Spaniards at heart us, the proverbial utang-na-loob. We were now having that idea that we owe them. That is where the myth came in according to Constantino, that reality cannot be separated from fantasy and that United States had been our knight in hopeful armor. So a special bond or relationship had been formed.The only opposing side at that time was the HUKBALAHAP movement headed by the late Luis Taruc and the US government had been wise affluent to assimilate Ramon Magsaysay,a pure American boy and the CIA to penetrate and control the HUKS. Every law and treaty from the Tydings-McDuffie law up to the cost Trade Act shows the control of the US over the Philippines for two purposes as cited by Constantino he referred to it as the twin premises of the myth a) that there was no substantial resistance to American rule and b) that the Filipinos were then incapable of self-government. There was resistance and the Filipinos were capable of self- government as proven by the barangay system during pre-colonial times. But US has a different computer program for Philippines and it has to be overall control which they did with all the treaties and the presence of the military bases and even the utang-na-loobinherent in us by making Jose Rizal the national hero, the foreign aid through IMF(International Monetary Fund) and WB(World Bank), making us a member-country of GATT(General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade), ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) and UN(United Nations) among others so that we will embark on an open economy adopting Adam Smiths Free Enterprise but in the end if we look at everything in hindsight, it was more to US benefit than the Filipinos.The United States was intelligent enough to take advantage of our weakness and that is after three hundred thirty three years of Spanish colonialism, we were dying to be independent and it was also our Achilles heel to speak of since US was aware of this fact, therefore it had sent the best men like Dewey, Merritt, Taft among others to lead the Philippines towards that independence mediocrity. With the help of the Americanistas like Aguinaldo, Arellano, Quezon, Laurel even up to the present Noynoy Aquino. We can say that US is here to stay and I should not marvel if after the term of Noynoy Aquino there will be plan to make Philippines the 57th state of the United States of America. It will not be a big storm for all of us since as I have mentioned earlier, we are more attracted to Uncle surface-to-air missile than Juan dela Cruz.In the end of this pamphlet Constantino tried to discuss the press censorship during McKinleys administration where the BILL OF RIGHTS under the 1935 Constitution was not honored particularly freedom of press and expression. The US had been wise enough to impose a noncombatant rule rather than military rule. It was too late for the Philippine government to realize that we were under a military government than a civilian one when most of the troops sent in Vietnam were mostly Filipinos and that we did not have that inkling to wage war against Vietnam since it was US advocacy to indulge in wars to achieve more power and to have that steady place in the superpower realm.When there was the killing of Filipino troops in Vietnam, United States was aware that it will create a chaos within the Philippi ne government so the latter, wise as he is had g mannered a young senator named Ferdinand Marcos to slip by for presidency in 1965 and eventually won the hearts of the Filipinos as first because of his advocacy for the poor. As they say, in history, it was too late to realize that Marcos was not out to rule fairly but to destroy the preservation of nationalism which was slowly growing in others since here and then he was a boytoy of the US government.B.) awe WITHOUT UNDERSTANDINGIn this pamphlet, Constantino discussed about Jose Rizal as an American sponsored hero and the tracing back of Rizals role in the history of the Philippines. Rizal was an illustrado, he was not from an deprive family so he had the opportunity to study and trained in different schools abroad. He was a genius, a jack of all trades. He was a learned man. For many, he was the way out for independence from Spanish rule. In the long run, the realization dawned that he was an egocentric and narcisstic person who did not give a diddlyshit about his fellowmen. He created the Propaganda Movement and La Liga Filipina not because he wanted to end the Spanish colonizers through writing and other peaceful means (what we can termed now as ceasefire). He abhorred revolutionary means because deep inside that learned man lies a COWARD.In my undergraduate studies about Rizal, I was tending(p) the chance to dissect and analyze Rizals letters to Ferdinand Blumentritt all in its original versions preserved by the National Historical Institute. There was one letter that cited Rizals real reason why he did not go with the plan of Andres Bonifacios revolution. He belittled the latter for not having the literacy and leadership which Rizal had been known to possess. He was a hundred percent sure that the revolution will fail not only because of lack of ammunitions and men but more of a poor leadership displayed by an IGNORANT AND ILLITERATE FARMER.The response of Blumentritt was different and unexpected whi ch made Rizal furious because Blumentritt cited situations wherein a successful revolution headed by an ignorant and illiterate person had succeeded and and example was the French Revolution. Blumentritt was objective enough to write to Rizal that whitethornbe the latter has this impression on Bonifacio because Rizal was a coward and he only if cant carry a gun and kill.It was this reason that Rizal stopped communicating with Blumentritt, because deep inside he knows he should be the one to plan and carry out the revolution and not someone ignorant and illiterate like Bonifacio. In one way or another, we knew that the Cry of Balintawak failed but it instilled something in us an iota of nationalism and pride that we want to be free from the Spanish rule, that the urge of independence is slowly burning in our hearts. That is what Constantino referred here as HEROISM not becauseyou died for the love of your country but moreof placing a CONSCIOUSNESS THAT WE ARE MEANT TO BE FREE. Sad t o say, it was not a continuous process since there was not a brave man like Bonifacio again in the present times no matter how ignorant and illiterate as he is to stand up for our independence, for our freedom. Until now we are still a neocolony of United States and nothing changes even if we are entering 2012.C) LEADERSHIP FOR FILIPINOSIn this pamphlet, Constantino was brave enough to depict the true leader for the Filipinos. It is a radical writing of the inner mind of Constantino as he tried to look for that leader as he had described someone who is an entertainer, popular, intelligent, sublime and confident in its people. He had an admiration for Andres Bonifacio because of his will to let Philippines gain independence even if he was an ignorant and illiterate farmer. So with Claro M. Recto who happens to be a populist by heart. It was just the wrong turn of events which did not give any merit or realization to a great statesman like Recto since the latter was not a member of the elite party of Americanistas. Recto is not a good speaker, no. He will arouse no mob. But heaven help the one whose pretensions he chooses to demolish.His sentences march like ordered battalions against the inmost citadel of the mans arguments, and reduce them to rubble meanwhile his reservations stand like armed sentries against the most silent approach and every attempt at encirclement by the adversary. The decline to absurdity of Nacionalista senator Zuluetas conception of sound foreign policy was a shattering experience, the skill that goes into the cutting of a diamond went into the work of demolition. There was no slip of the hand, no flaw in the tool. All was delicately, perfectly done Recto cannot defend the indefensible, but what can be defended, he will see to it that it will not be taken.This was quoted by Teodoro Locsin and Recto remained to be an inspiration to nationalists like Renato Constantino, Lorenzo Tanada, Jovito Salonga among others.Recto was able to help in the molding of the consciousness of some Filipinos but he was not given the chance to mold the majority and it was brought byhis defeat in the presidential race where Sergio Osmena won who happened to be a true Americanista. Still his subversiveness, patriotism, flag-waving(a) spirit lives on and I admire the person for his being sublime. He was a learned man like Rizal but he never was a coward. The need to be free and independent from foreign colonizers had been a dream of his. It was just a pity he was not given the chance to make it a reality. As Constantino described a leader in the end page of this pamphlet. He cited A people cannot be great by the pose of a leader nor by his well-rehearsed speeches but by their own efforts.They can be great not by becoming worthy of foreign investments but by purposeful work . They can be great not by relying on outside aid as the decisive factor of development, but by sacrifice ,by struggling and gaining confidence in themselves. He furt her added that a true leader is not afraid to struggle if it would be for the uncouth good. I for one agreed to that, we can still export OFWs for economic reasons but with the country they are in, not for a single time will they forget that they are FILIPINOS in both mind and heart.After discussing the three pamphlets included in the book DISSENT AND COUNTER-CONSCIOUSNESS, I have the room now to tackle the book and gave an overview about it. DISSENT in laymans term means to go against. You display an antagonistic attitude if it is not what you believe in or must believe in. Subversion had been a taboo word ever since Man had this dream to be FREE. This word always coincide with terrorism, ambushes, rallies, salvages among others, purely negative in every sense of the word.As Constantino expresses in this book, Man in living in a material humans and principle is a far thought. In reality that has been happening, Filipinos are becoming more contented with material needs anything th at money can buy even paying the court, bribing the government agencies so as not to be penalized. With that hunger for material things, the accountability of government agencies go far beyond the principle. transfer and Corruption had been a contagious disease, a new virus with no antidote. Man are slowly becoming wanton and unprincipled because of the yen for material things. It is a sad thing that because of this fact Man has been turning into a good. Someone with a price tagged on and maybe if an auction comes along he will be sold to the highest bidder. If we look at the situationnowadays, we are being sold to the highest bidder and that is the United States. It does not only control us in economic and political aspects but in all aspects as well even spiritual.We have been in their shell of SUPERPOWER REALM for so long and now we are finding it hard to disintegrate or detach ourselves from them. We are now set up as a commodity in a free enterprise economy. Our wits and intel ligence were in their benefit because we are working for them. The government whom we trust the most turns out the opposite, the one who betrayed us. Even before as a colony and now as a neocolony, nothing had changed we are still under them. The American will had turn the Filipino will. We dont have that identity that we are Filipinos. Our consciousness as a Filipino is at the bottom.We desparately need the Americans to survive and that is one disorder that is incurable at this point. But Constantino is not giving up. Counter-Consciousness is his answer. It will not be an easy task that is the reason why he used History to trace the root of the problems, to unveil the consciousness of the Filipino people, to dissipate the discontentment of being without an identity. With History, we turn back the time, we learned from the past and most of all it will pave the way on what we should do with our future. It will not be an easy task but it can be a reality if there will be a leader re ady to sacrifice himself for not being a commodity being sold to the highest bidder but that he will be of service to the common good.Where is that leader? He is just there patiently biding for his time and I know deep inside that we can never be the 57th state of the United States because even the latter has not been that complacent in its niche in the superpower realm. It is now in the midst of economic recession and political upheaval. Am I right in saying that what comes around goes around?The answer is YES, it is time for the United States to grant us that independence we have been craving for so long. We deserved to be free and that is our main goal, our direction. We may be working for them, we may be buying imported goods from them, we may be having our money converted into dollars but nothing changes they are all material things that can diminish a day, a week, a year from now but nothing will change the fact that I AM A FILIPINO AND I AM PROUD TO BE A FILIPINO.With my hap less stay at the mountains of Bataan during my college days. I know I am a subversive and I am proud to be one. I no longer hide the fact that I was a leftist during my college days and even at present I am in a capitalist society nothing will alter the fact that my consciousness has been in my heart that I am for equality and justice.Taking up LAW had not been an easy decision because it negates everything I learned in being a subversive but I am not giving up because the LAW will not remain blindfolded forever, eventually it will shred that cloth and will take justice as its fate and I will just be waiting at a corner biding for that time to come.CONCLUSIONThis paper had occupied a special place in my heart since I do not deny the fact that Constantino had been an icon to reckon with. He has been my inspiration in my career path, most of all I learned to be proud of my being subversive as He was. The book with all the several pamphlets attached to it has been Constantinos way of r eaching out the Filipino people that we cannot stay as ignorant as the United States presumes. We are climbing out slowly from the shell that had been an unsafe haven for so long as we try to give ourselves the chance to embark on a new life.An independent life as everyones goal is. A Life that we can utter with pride that we are FILIPINOS. We are slowly achieving this mark, majority are now going back to the grassroots culture. We may still be westernized in material goods but in line of thinking we are becoming conscious that we are Filipinos and that is how it must be.Eventually everyone will be aware of Juan dela Cruz than Uncle Sam especially that Uncle Sam is crestfallen at this time with all the upheavals he is now facing I will not be surprised that his all knowing smile will turn into a nasty grin. For my fellow Filipinos, we will stand with pride that we can now identify ourselves as Filipinos and no longer Filipinos with US as our neocolonizer but Filipinos for Philippine s alone. Time will also come that the realization of being a subversive is not a merciless act neither a negative trait but a breathe of fresh air to bring about a CHANGE. MABUHAY ANG MGA FILIPINO

Living Apart Together

1. existing Apart together, in any case called L. A. T, is a unique phenomenon that through modern time has become much and more popular among couples. The purpose of L. A. T is that a couple, which either are married, engaged or boyfriend and girlfriend, who has an familiar(p) family relationship but the couple anticipates separately on separate addresses. LAT relationships is increasingly understood and also accepted in public. It is seen by most people, as good enough partnership and the couples still go on the same expectations about the commitment and loyalty as marriage or cohabitation.Text 2, Home Alone in concert written by Jill Brooke, focuses on pro and cons statements from both experts and from quite customary people. Jeannette Lofas, who is a clinical affectionate worker and the founder of the Stepfamily Foundation, is pro living apart together. She thinks it could be a great dissolver to mix families because blended families are so vulnerable to internecin e resentments and power struggles. Some couples, especially young couples, which are in a L. A.T relationship is because of commitment problems. That is why Gail Sheehy, who is an author and writer of the book Sex and the season Woman, also agrees Another advocator (FIN SAMKD) of L. A. T relationships is Judye Hess who is a family therapist in Berkeley, California. According to Judye Hess are there to many couples that are trying way to hard to fit into a model of the arrant(a) relationship, and that does not always work out and the solution of that problem could be a L. A. T relationship.In text 3, reasonable What Modern Romance Needs upkeep Apart Together written by Gary Picariello, Living Apart Together is explained as a new term for couples who just dont urgency to commit. Gary Picariello is con Living Apart Together, because he dont think that it is a good solution to a couple who are not good at compromising, negotiation and commitments, as he explains having their give birth space to retreat to during the rough times in a relationship could mean that the individual volition continue to be not so good at compromise, negotiation, and/or commitment.Gary Picariello actually rotter see a good point in living apart because then when the couple are together then they appreciate their togetherness even more when they do get together. 2. In the third text, Just What Modern Romance Needs Living Apart Together , Gary Picariello writes as if he is talking now to the reader (GODT) as if he has to convince the reader. and when he writes in that style, the text, in this case, gets more ordinary and a conversation, he askes question to the reader So whats the deal with Living Apart Together? and it makes Gary Picariellos writing style is very similar to if he should write an essay. 3. In text 1, Couples that decease apartstay together is written by Rosemary Bennett and presents some advantages by living apart. When a couple, one or both partners, have chi ldren from previous relationships, then it would be easier to preserve structure and routines if the partners live apart from each other.Some people, who have been through a dissever, find a new boyfriend or girlfriend, and if they have children from the previous relationship, they can be hesitating about the new boyfriend living with the children.A divorce can be rather though to children and when a new man or woman comes in their life they respond on different ways, they either likes them or they do not fancy them at all. If the children do not fancy them, a L. A. T relationship can be the best solution. But the consequence of not living together can be trust issues, when a couple is in a L. A. T relationship it is necessary that the same trust and commitment, as in a relationship where they live together, otherwise the relationship can not work out.

Difference in Perceptions of Consumers in Different Regions

Institute of business manage workforcet DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMERS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT LOCALITIES REGARDING CONSUMPTION OF NUTRITIONAL gearS, SPECIFIALLY PEDIASURE. Methods in Business investigate Muhammad Bilal Arif SaharAnum IqbalAhetezaz HaloFaiz Mehmood 12/10/2012 Contents Acknowledgment3 Abstract4 Introduction5 Statement of Problem6 Significance of Problem/ Purpose6 Statement of supposition6 Limitations6 Literature Review7In disposition to write this literature recap we had to take break journals and articles from a lot of atomic number 18as the reason existence that there atomic number 18 almost no similar questi onenesss done considering this topic. Even if researches be done they tend to cater to the perceptions of westerners or people which atomic number 18 non belonging to the Pakistani society. In order to birth and work whatever tuition we could array there were 3 pieces of materials apply to conduct this review. The researches that w e e trulywherehear found are concerning similar outputs that is why we realise used these.Each of these researches has been combined with our research and then we have written down the Literature review. If we go on well see what is the occasion of our research and what do we want. 7 build of consume10 I. Problem Definition and scheme Formulation10 II. Gathering Data11 III. Sources of Data16 IV. Research Instrument17 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS18 RESTATEMENT OF PROBLEM18 DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES18 MAJOR FINDINGS19 RECOMMENDATIONS19 BIBLIOGRAPHY21 APPENDIX22 Abbott Nutrition22 Questionnaire22Product Comparison1 Acknowledgment We would prototypal like to thank the manufacturer Allah for giving us the strength and endowing us with the privilege of completing term piece of music on the DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTION OF CUSTOMERS BELONGING TO DIFFERENT LOCALITIES REGARDING CONSUMPTION OF NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS, SPECIFIALLY PEDIASURE. We are likewise extremely thankful to our ins truct and guide Ms. Kausar Saeed for her constant support, encouragement and guidance, without which we could not have successfully completed the task.Secondly, we would like to thank our respondents for their valued time and energy spent in completing our Questionnaires. Abstract Abbott being a rattling pear-shaped pharmaceutical gild is not only trustworthy however excels in the pharmaceutical industry. Its aim is to depart flavour and high family line point of intersections in the foodstuff so that people can proceeds from it. The report that we are planning to write is to the highest degree the perceptions of guests regarding consumption of Nutritional Supplements and factors that the customer considers while purchasing distinguishable medicaments/nutritional harvest-homes in incompatible localities.Our outstanding aim was to emblem out the basic reasons in dull appendage in sales of Abbott. The issue is actu anyy significant at the moment because the Sale s info of different territories over the an other(a)(prenominal)(prenominal) few years indicate a negative trend in a few areas simply approximately constant in others. one and only(a) reason for this difference could have been different perceptions that people are likely to hold in these different areas, therefore we intractable to adjust out whether perceptional differences are the reason scarcet the negative trend and what are the possible solutions to the problem.We did manage to apprehend sufficient selective information finished questionnaires from the mothers of children who were the eligible consumers of the product, and then we analyzed the data use SPSS. We were able to happen upon a seemingly valid analysis. Introduction Abbott a planetary, broad- base wellness care comp roughly(prenominal) devoted to discovering bare-assed medicines, new technologies and new ways to manage health. Their products span the continuum of care, from nutritional products and l aboratory diagnostics through health check devices and pharmaceutical therapies.Their comprehensive line of products encircles life itself addressing important health deals from infancy to the golden years. With over 70,000 employees worldwide and a global presence in more than 130 matterries, Abbott is committed to improving peoples lives by providing address effective health care products and services that consistently meet the needs of customers. Abbott Pakistan is part of the global healthcare corporation of Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, USA. Abbott upriseed operations in Pakistan as a commercialiseing affiliate in 1948 the company has steadily expanded to comprise a work force of over 1500 employees.Currently two manufacturing facilities located at Landhi and Korangi in Karachi continue to use innovative technology to produce top quality pharmaceutical products. Abbott Pakistan has leaders in the field of Pain Management, Anesthesia, Medical Nutrition and Anti-Infective. On June 29, 2005 Abbott Pakistan Achieved Class A accreditation against the Oliver Wight ABCD Check list. This was an salient achievement, which puts Abbott Pakistan amongst some of the best global companies in terms of operational excellence.A continuous exercise of innovation, research and exploitation at Abbotts worldwide facilities enables Abbott Pakistan to put up effective solutions for various healthcare ch whollyenges, with products and services that are well focused, at bottom the customers reach and contribute to improved health care of the people of Pakistan. Abbott believes that Corporate Social Responsibility is important to earning and deepening the trust of the people it serves, an integral part of its commitment to improve lives has contributed to a number of humanist causes and supported various institutions in various fields including health and education.The engagement of this company is in the promise that their work holds for health and for life. PediaSu re Complete is a complete and balanced nutrition for children who are pricky eaters and who have to incur up for growth. Some of its salient feature includes * Good nutrition leads to legal growth * To grow properly, kids need to eat the right amounts of protein, carbohydrates, fat, vitamins and minerals. * For times, when you believe that your child is not acquiring adequate nutrition from regular diet then PediaSure is the thing to give.No matter which ever flavor you choose, each can of PediaSure contains 25 essential vitamins and mineral, on with adequate amounts of protein, carbohydrates and fats. With PediaSure you can be sure that your child is receiving the perfect amount of nutritions call for to grow. It is ready(prenominal) in 400gram tins and 180 gram packs in chocolate and vanilla flavors at reasonable prices. It is open in most leading pharmacies and superstores of Pakistan. PediaSure is fifty-fifty an international product of Abbott. Statement of ProblemThis r esearch is conducted to arrest out that whether the decline in sales of PediaSure is because of some different perceptions held by the potential consumers, factors which are most and which are least favourred by the consumers while making the barter for. This leave cater to two areas specifically demurrer and F. B area. Significance of Problem/ Purpose The problem is highly significantfor not only the company but for individuals/ customers too. With the help of this bailiwick we entrust be able to find out the different sign of ideas and perceptions customers add when going to buy medicines/nutritional products.We will also find out some of the rare pass patterns of customers based in different areas or localities and what factors do they consider in buy such products. The main purpose of this submit lies with the fact that Abbott will realize which particular point they need to cater to watch the sales from falling. It could be a marketing problem which they missed to address or a quality problem, which is very unlikely since Abbott is very strict some its standards and most importantly it could be the perceptions of the people.Summing it all up, through our research we will investigate the spending patterns of different localities, their choices and why the sales of PediaSurehas declined in some areas since the departed few years. Statement of speculation 1. in that location is no difference between Perceptions of customers of Defence and Federal-B area. 2. Knowing the operational contentions, consumer will prefer Pediasure over enemys as a Nutritional Supplement. 3. Consumers will purchase the product if they are told most the benefits. 4. Creating Awareness will impact the sales of Pediasure. . Whether high nutrients are favourite(a) over other variables like Price and Recommendations. 6. Whether being a Medicinal product is good for the image of Pediasure. Limitations 1. One of the biggest limitations is that our field of view is restricted to only two areas namely defence and F. B area. It is due to time constraints and a large number of medical stores throughout the city. 2. Defence itself has about(predicate) approximately 50 medicines stores while F. B area 92. Finding and going to all these stores would be very embodyly and time-consuming so we decided to take a small no.Of stores and interviewing around 2 respondents from every store. 3. The time and cost associated with the study was a not very encouraging. 4. We cannot expect that each of the stores in the city have kept PediaSure which made our study very difficult to generalize. 5. It was hard to find mothers having children below the age of 12 shopping during the days. 6. Customers and Storekeepers were being very receptive. Literature Review In order to write this literature review we had to take out journals and articles from a lot of areas the reason being that there are almost no similar researches done considering this topic.Even if researc hes are done they tend to cater to the perceptions of westerners or people which are not belonging to the Pakistani society. In order to conduct and use whatever information we could get there were 3 pieces of materials used to conduct this review. The researches that we have found are concerning similar products that is why we have used these. Each of these researches has been combined with our research and then we have written down the Literature review. If we go along well see what is the motive of our research and what do we want.The first article included in this literature survey talks about the guide to consumers pharmaceutical purchasing look. The pharmaceutical purchasing behavior of consumers is the subject of unending market research for the nations pharmaceutical companies and managed care organizations. Despite the industrys best frets to predict future trends based on past experiences, consumers continue to confound the prognosticators. Several issues particularly pe rtinent to MCOs were explored in a recent consumer survey conducted by Emron, Inc.In this article, explore consumers behaviors are explored relative to medication purchases in these areas * Sources of advice about prescription and non-prescription medications * Communications with prescribers about cost and impact on quality of life * Opinions about price equity of medications * Importance of the pharmacy benefit in health plans * Role of publicise in purchasing decisions for non-prescription medications The study first starts with talking about the advice the customer takes in order to buy any type of pharmaceutical products.The results are divided in among the physicians, nurses, pharmacists, family e. t. c. the highest rank is of course prone to physicians followed by pharmacists. So we get to know that one thing that is the sources of advice for customers come acrosss customers perceptions of buying a medicine. So it whitethorn be possible that a doctor living in each of thes e localities may give different type of preference if one may prescribe pediasure other may prescribe ensure. The second factor that propels is prescribers communication about cost and quality of life.From the study we see that people are mainly concerned for their life sooner than the cost of medicine, we all know that pediasure is a very high quality product and in order to keep your nutrition value very high you will make sure that you use pedia sure, but never the les this is one of the important factors taken in to consideration when investing in to medicines. Whatever the cost of the product is you tend to spend on it if itll increase the quality of your life. Consumers also look for fair consumer prices.When they figure out if one of the products is not giving a fair consumer price then they will sure as shooting not buy it even in case of medicines as now even in this market youre face up with immense competition. If the price of Pediasure is not fair according to some th en the customers will move their target towards ensure as these two are the biggest adversarys available. According to this study some of the customers were even asked to talk about the main factors which result in going to a pharmacy and buying a medicine.The highest price as usual was given to the price and prescription of the doctors which shows that these two factors are the main ones which affect the benefit and the buying plan of customers. A very high rank was also given to non-prescription medicine buying pattern, that is that galore(postnominal) customers by medicine without any prescriptions, they use the help of either billboards or any other meat of advertisement. This is somewhat the case with pediasure as well because I have prescribed many people to give pediasure to their children as regular diet and they have actually followed and abided to it.Summing it all up this study basically talks about the buying patterns of individuals while buying nutritional products o r medicines. We get a clear view on what factor do the consumers keep in mind when making an effort to go and buy this product. The second research here talks about the consumers choice dish when purchasing the staple food, it was chosen as for some pediasure is a medicine hence a necessity. later 1989, there were significant changes in food consumption, twain in volumes and structure.These changes happened due to various factors. The most important factors with influence on demand and food consumption were developing of income levels of Czech inhabitants, development of consumer prices of food and non-food products and services, offer and availability of products on the market, advertising and promotion, health education, joining the EU. Besides these above, an impact on consumption also has such factors as quality development, extent of self-provision with food products, or the degree to which the needs are satisfied.The unfathomed influence on consumption has the development of consumer prices of food and capital goods and services in relations to development of incomes, thus buying power. In the last few years, there was a visible tendency to fall influence of prices on food consumption. The paper focuses on the development of consumption and changes in consumption patterns, need and attitudes. Presented data are based on the marketing research conducted by the Department of Marketing and Trade, Mendel University in Brno, in fall 2004.However, results of the recent research have proved that, when buying foodstuffs and beverages, consumers are influenced also by habits, current moods, situations, emotions and that the behavior of individual consumer segments is quite different. This could be the case with PediaSure as well. Factors, which influence purchase decision, affect individual bases of consumers in a different way. For a consumer research concerning individual staple food categories, the adjacent demographic characteristics were used sex, a ge, affiliation with a social group and domicile.Demographic characteristics, which are easily available, measurable, and helping to mark the target market, were used. Analysis and results of the survey (via questionnaire) about customer behavior then allow predicting the behaviour of customers and to bring out what, why, when, where, how and how often they buy. The survey via questionnaires aiming to analyze the consumer decision process when buying staple foods and beverages was conducted using a judge of 1 750 respondents.The sample was selected in such a way that it should represent the structure of the Czech world according to 4 identification characteristics age, sex, social group, and size of the settlement where the respondents have their permanent place of fireside. The answers provided information about reasons and the decision-making process when buying four staple food categories, meat and meat products, take out, dairy products and eggs, non- sousing and alcoholi c beverages and bakery and confectionery products.Frequencies of respondents, whose motives for purchases of basic foodstuff were influenced by routine, newcomers, healthy life style or other unnamed factors . As PediaSure is also a dairy product that is the reason why we use this result which says draw and dairy products illustrate that routine purchases predominated also when buying milk, butter and eggs. Purchases of cheese and yogurts were influenced by the compartmentalization and by the healthy lifestyle. Frequencies of respondents classified into individual ocial groups did not show any significant differences It follows from these results that changes in consumption patterns of milk and dairy products were influenced by the factors of health protection andhealthy lifestyle. Extended offer of products was another important factor. Financial reasons were mentioned in the last place. We can differentiate in the behavior of retired people their decision-making process is infl uenced by financial reasons. The healthy lifestyle is the most important factor in the age group of productive age (2560 years).The place of residence did not show any significant effect on differences in the behavior of people from towns and villages. It is of interest that that there were differences in factors influencing purchasing decisions of men and women. Men tended to appreciate a wider assortment than women. As a reason for changes in consumption of these products, women mentioned more often the healthy lifestyle, while men appreciated a wider assortment. For Beverages, the reasons for changes in consumption patterns were different than those mentioned for foodstuffs.Financial reasons were as important as the healthy lifestyle and a wider assortment. This could be influenced by the fact that the question concerned all beverages so that this was a very variable category of products and for that reason the answers were too general. For producers, important information repres ents the fact that consumers are influenced by newcomers, innovations and advertising when buying staples. Consumers, who were strongly interested in their health, purchasedcereal bakery products, fish, poultry, yogurts, cheese and mineral water.When analysing the reasons of changes in consumption patterns, it was exhibit that the reasons differed in dependence on the affiliation with the individual groups of customers. in that respect were different reasons for individual social groups, individual age categories, and different localities. If we omit these identification groups, the most frequent reason for changes in consumption patterns in all categories of foods was the healthy lifestyle followed by a wider assortment. Financial reasons were mentioned on the last place.The reason for using this study was to show that although not for everyone but for those who consume pediasure is similar to a staple food. The reason being is that you have to include it either in your milk or y our beverage. So when we talk about the buying and selling of dairy products overhear we can always link it to PediaSure as it is a dairy product for most. When we look at the buying patterns of consumers we can always similarize it with the buying patterns of pediasure . Starting from the price to marketing to health safety all of these affect the buying of pediasure.It might be one of these factors that would have resulted the sales to go down at the end of the study it said that prices didnt matter most so it may be a possibility that there may be another factor other than price. eccentric for literature review Guide to consumers pharmaceutical purchasing behavior (MARSHA FAHEY , writer and editor, Emron, Ine. , Warren, New Jersey) Consumer choice process when purchasing the staple food (J. STAVKOVA, J. TURCINKOVA Mendel University of cultivation and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic) Design of study I. Problem Definition and Hypothesis FormulationThis research is conducted to fin d out the reasons behind the decrease in sales of Pediasure for the past few years in certain areas, and whether consumers of different localities specifically Federal-B knowledge base and Defence have different perceptions regarding the product and the pursuance variables * Brand Image * purpose Pattern * Preference * Satisfaction * Availability * Awareness Following Hypothesis was tested during the study 7. There is no difference between Perceptions of customers of Defence and Federal-B area. 8. Knowing the available competitors, consumer will prefer Pediasure over competitors as a Nutritional Supplement. . Consumers will purchase the product if they are told about the benefits. 10. Creating Awareness will impact the sales of Pediasure. 11. Whether high nutrients are preferred over other variables like Price and Recommendations. 12. Whether being a Medicinal product is good for the image of Pediasure. Research Design The study seeks to find the ultimate solution to solve the pr oblem of declining sales of Abbots Pediasure find and to seek whether it is workable for conducting additional promotional activities. Since we were seeking to explore the reasons for declining sales we used Exploratory Research Methods.Sampling proficiency Convenience sampling method based on a non-probability sampling technique was used to put together data from the respondents. A questionnaire based survey was conducted to validate the findings. The questionnaire-based survey is designed as to beak both quantitative and soft variables. Its methodical profile includes multi-perspective, cross-sectional design and broad random samples. The questionnaire tests the hobby variables * Brand Identity * Usage Pattern * Preference * Satisfaction * Availability II. Gathering DataWe questioned 50 mothers from different stores in Federal-B Area and 30 from stores in Defence. The main reason for having an unequal sample size for both areas is because number of medical stores in Federal-B Area is a lot more than that in Defence, so we popular opinion it would me fair if we had more respondents from Federal-B area. Our target respondents were mothers of age in between 30-40, but it was not very easy to find them in the medical stores. We questioned as many as we could find and the rest was filled by fathers of around the same age group on behalf of their wives.It was our good fortune that the fathers were surprisingly well-informed about the products being used for the infants. 1. Analysis of Results The data was first entered in Microsoft Excel and then one of our group members double-checked and copied it to the SPSS software and then analysis were conducted using SPSS statistical Software. Pearson Chi-square test was used to analyze the result and guessing with assumed substance greater than . 05 were do away withed. scheme 1 HO Area of residence affects use of nutritional supplementsHa Area of residence does not affects use of nutritional supplements AREA OF respondent * CURRENTLY utilize SUPPLEMENT Crosstabulation CURRENTLY USING SUPPLEMENT Total YES NO AREA OF RESPONDENT FB Count 49 1 50 % deep down AREA OF RESPONDENT 98. 0% 2. 0% 100. 0% % within CURRENTLY USING SUPPLEMENT 61. 3% 16. 7% 58. 1% DEFENCE Count 31 5 36 % within AREA OF RESPONDENT 86. 1% 13. 9% 100. 0% % within CURRENTLY USING SUPPLEMENT 38. 8% 83. 3% 41. 9% Total Count 80 6 86 % within AREA OF RESPONDENT 93. 0% 7. 0% 100. 0% % within CURRENTLY USING SUPPLEMENT 100. % 100. 0% 100. 0% Chi-Square mental testings apprise Df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 4. 558a 1 . 033 Continuity Correctionb 2. 911 1 . 088 Likelihood proportionality 4. 707 1 . 030 Fishers Exact assay . 078 . 044 Linear-by-Linear Association 4. 505 1 . 034 N of Valid Cases 86 a. 2 cells (50. 0%) have pass judgment count less than 5. The stripped expected count is 2. 51. b. Computed only for a 22 table At 5% logic al implication level do not disdain H0 Area of residence does affect the use of nutritional supplement HYPOTHESIS 2HO AREA OF RESIDENCE AFFECTS sentiency OF PEDIASURE H1 AREA OF RESIDECE DOES NOT AFFECT AWARENESS ABOUT PEDIASURE ARE YOU AWARE OF ABBOTS baby NUTRITION merchandise PEDIASURE? * IF YES THAN HAVE YOU ever BOUGHT IT? Crosstabulation IF YES THAN HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT IT? Total YES NO ARE YOU AWARE OF ABBOTS babe NUTRITION PRODUCT PEDIASURE? YES Count 19 14 33 % within ARE YOU AWARE OF ABBOTS CHILD NUTRITION PRODUCT PEDIASURE? 57. 6% 42. 4% 100. 0% % within IF YES THAN HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT IT? 100. 0% 100. 0% 100. 0% Total Count 19 14 33 % within ARE YOU AWARE OF ABBOTS CHILD NUTRITION PRODUCT PEDIASURE? 57. 6% 42. 4% 100. 0% % within IF YES THAN HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT IT? 100. 0% 100. 0% 100. 0% Chi-Square Tests Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (2-sided) Exact Sig. (1-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 1. 075a 1 . ccc Continuity Correctionb . 632 1 . 427 Likelihood Ratio 1. 079 1 . 299 Fishers Exact Test . 341 . 214 Linear-by-Linear Association 1. 060 1 . 303 N of Valid Cases 70 a. 0 cells (. 0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 14. 14. b. Computed only for a 22 table At 5% significance level do not resist H0 Area of residence affects awareness of Abbots product Pediasure HYPOTHEIS 3H0 Knowing the available competitors, consumer will prefer Pediasure over competitors as a Nutritional Supplement. H1 Knowing the available competitors, consumer will not affect consumer preference of Pediasure over competitors as a Nutritional Supplement. Paired Samples Test Paired Differences Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error Mean Pair 1 ARE YOU AWARE OF ABBOTS CHILD NUTRITION PRODUCT PEDIASURE? IF YES THAN HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT IT? -. 424 . 502 . 087 Paired Samples Test Paired Differences 95% Confidence time interval of the Difference Lower Upper Pair 1 ARE YOU AWARE OF ABBOTS CHILD NUTRITIO N PRODUCT PEDIASURE? IF YES THAN HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT IT? -. 602 -. 246 Paired Samples Test t df Sig. (2-tailed) Pair 1 ARE YOU AWARE OF ABBOTS CHILD NUTRITION PRODUCT PEDIASURE? IF YES THAN HAVE YOU EVER BOUGHT IT? -4. 856 32 . 000 At 5% Significance level reject HO Awareness is not the only reason why consumers will prefer Pediasure over competitors product HYPOTHEIS 4HO High nutrients are preferred over other variables like Price Ha High nutrients are not preferred over other variables like Price Chi-Square Tests Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 238. 264a 24 . 000 Likelihood Ratio 183. 809 24 . 000 Linear-by-Linear Association 62. 765 1 . 000 N of Valid Cases 93 a. 29 cells (82. 9%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 32. AT 5% significance level reject H0 Nutrients are not preferred over variables such as price HYPOTHESIS 5 HO High nutrients are preferred over other variables like RecommendationHa High nutrients are not preferred over other variables like testimony Chi-Square Tests Value Df Asymp. Sig. (2-sided) Pearson Chi-Square 217. 033a 25 . 000 Likelihood Ratio 206. 420 25 . 000 Linear-by-Linear Association 69. 663 1 . 000 N of Valid Cases 115 a. 30 cells (83. 3%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is . 24. At 5% significance level reject H0 High nutrients are not preferred over other variables like recommendation HYPOTHESIS 6 H0 Being a Medicinal product is good for the image of Pediasure.Ha Being a Medicinal product has no effect on the image of Pediasure. III. Sources of Data * Primary Sources * Respondents Our main aim was to get modern information from the parents directly, so we could better figure out the main reasons behind the sluggish growth of sales. There were some instances where the store managers were being receptive and the respondents showed disinterest in providing information. Due to our persistence we managed to get a great deal of good in formation. We mostly had to read out the questions to the respondents, while they shopped and marked the answers according to their response.The questionnaires were all filled under supervision of either of the members of the group to avoid the chance of misunderstandings. * Secondary Sources Secondary data was not as such required in our research it was mostly based on master(a) data. The literature review only required thorough reading of different articles. This helped us in getting a better idea about different aspects of the research work. We learned how to design the questionnaire in a way that would get the maximum possible information without offending the respondents in any way.It also helped us to figure out how the issue of differences in perception of people living in different type of areas in the same city has been dealt. Some important information regarding Pediasure and its competitors Contents was also gained using some secondary data. It was gathered from the webs ites of these companies and also from reading the packages of the respective products. This was basically done to compare different variables in different supplements. The comparisons were eventually used to analyze which variable is most important for the consumers. IV. Research InstrumentAs mentioned above, a questionnaire based survey was conducted, the questionnaire was designed collectively by the entire group members, keeping in mind all the dos and donts of Questionnaire designs taught by our mentor/teacher. It was also SPSS friendly, so it was really easy for us to statistically analyze it through the software. Before moving ahead with it, we also got it checked to reduce as frequently chances of errors as possible. It was scripted using simple and familiar language, few questions that were easy to answer and supervision was given throughout. The sampling technique was partially random.The stores in all the areas were shortlisted through systematic random sampling technique . There were a total of 92 stores in F. B area and 56 stores in Defence, and we randomly selected 25 and 15 stores from the respective areas. Then from each store 2 respondents were surveyed upon. The questionnaire contained 14 questions measuring different variables that are mentioned above. The variables tested through our research are usage pattern, preference to competitors, frequency of purchase, brand identity and purchase intention. Some questions were even included to get a little idea about the demographics of the target population.We faced some trouble during data collection, since the respondents seemed totally disinterested in giving their valuable knowledge to us. The staffs of the stores were also being receptive due to the agitation of the customers. In cases where store managers were not allowing us to interview in the store, we had to wait outside to get our target respondents. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS RESTATEMENT OF PROBLEM The research problem was to identify the r easons behind the decline in sales of Abbots flagship product Pediasure. This was done by dividing selected areas in the city, mainly Defense and F.B Area, into class A and class B and finding out the perceptions of the users about the product. DESCRIPTION OF PROCEDURES Research Design The study seeks to find the ultimate solution to solve the problem of declining sales of Abbots Pediasure and to seek whether it is feasible for conducting additional promotional activities. Since we were seeking to explore the reasons for declining sales we used Exploratory Research Methods. Sampling Technique Convenience sampling method based on a non-probability sampling technique was used to gather data from the respondents. A questionnaire base survey was conducted to validate the findings.The questionnaire-based survey is designed as quantitative and qualitative both. Its methodical profile includes multi-perspective, cross-sectional design and broad random samples. The questionnaire tests the f ollowing variables * Brand Image * Usage Pattern * Preference * Satisfaction * Availability * Awareness Following Hypothesis was tested during the study 1. Area of residence affects use of nutritional supplements. 2. Area of residence affects awareness of Pediasure. 3. Knowing the available competitors, consumer will prefer Pediasure over competitors as a Nutritional Supplement. . High nutrients are preferred over other variables like Price. 5. High nutrients are preferred over other variables like Recommendation. The data was entered in Statistical Software SPSS v. 17 and Pearson Chi-Square Test was used to conclude findings. If the value of assumed significance was greater than . 05, the dead reckoning was rejected. MAJOR FINDINGS 1. Area of residence affects use of nutritional supplements We do not reject our hypothesis which means that there is a difference in perceptions of people living in different areas. 2. Area of residence affects awareness of Pediasure.We do not reject o ur hypothesis showing that again area of residence is a factor which contributes to the differences in attributes of people. 3. Knowing the available competitors, consumer will prefer Pediasure over competitors as a Nutritional Supplement. We reject our hypothesis because awareness is not the only reason why consumers will prefer Pediasure over competitors product. 4. High nutrients are preferred over other variables like Price. We reject our hypothesis with the conclusion that price is the principle variable considered in buying nutritional supplements. 5.High nutrients are preferred over other variables like Recommendation. We reject our hypothesis because considering the nutritional aspect is not a preference over other factors such as recommendation. RECOMMENDATIONS * The image of Pediasure should be improved for the consumers to identify it as a medicinal product. * Increase in the number of flavors of Pediasure would boost the sales. * There is a requirement from the marketing plane section to be more active and engage in activities such as personal selling. * If there is a possibility then the price of the product should be reduced keeping in mind the costs. If not then the company should emphasize the benefits of the product as in Nutritional value should be highlighted in the campaigns like 37 vital nutrients to motivate the customers into buying the product. * Different promotional campaigns according to different mediums should be designed highlighting the strong points of the product. Choosing brand ambassadors with high percentage of popularity among the children is a good idea. BIBLIOGRAPHY Guide to consumers pharmaceutical purchasing behavior (MARSHA FAHEY , writer and editor, Emron, Ine. , Warren, New Jersey) Consumer choice process when purchasing the staple food (J.STAVKOVA, J. TURCINKOVA Mendel University of Agriculture and Forestry, Brno, Czech Republic) http//www. abbott. com. pk/ APPENDIX Abbott Nutrition Questionnaire Name Age Professio n Area of residence Husbands profession Currently using (Any supplement) 1. _________(AGE___) 2. _________(AGE___) 3. _________(AGE___) Questionnaire for Mothers 1. How many children do you have? * 0-2 * 2-4 * More than 4 2. What are the ages of your children? * * 1 ____________ * 2 ____________ * 3 ____________ * 4 __________ * 5 ___________ 6 ___________ 3. Are you satisfied with your childs (children) growth (height and weight) that are under the age of 10? * Yes * No 4. Does your child (ren) fall sick often? * Yes * No If your answer to any of the above question(s) 3 4 is YES, then proceed to Q5 5. In which school(s) does your child (ren) study that are under the age of 10? 1 ________________ 2 ________________ 3 _______________ 4 ______________ 6. Were you recommended by someone to use the product or you use it on your own * Recommended by someone * Used on the own 7. If recommended, then who recommended you to use the supplement? Doctor * Friends * Neighbors * Relatives * O ther, Please specify __________________________________________________________ 8. How many times in a day do you give the supplement to your child (ren)? * * Child 1 * Child 2 * Child 3 * Child 4 Once Twice Thrice 9. Are you aware of Abbotts Child Nutrition Product Pediasure? * Yes * No 10. If YES, then answer the following questions If no then scratch to Q12 (a) Have you ever bought it? * Yes * No (b) When did you buy it and whose recommendation did you buy it? ____________________________________________ (c) Any why did you repudiate buying it? ___________________________________________________________________ 11. If your answer to Q10(a) is NO, then what is the reason for not buying it? - 12. Have you ever been to a pediatrician or child specialist? * Yes * No 13 If you are told that Pediasure is the Child Specialists first choice for child nutrition and for children who are picky/fussy eaters and it not only enhances growth (Height& Weight) but it also builds immunity. It is also clinically proven to reduce number of sick days and the incidence of infections, would you start using it? * Yes * No 4 If NO, Why? ____________________________________________________________________ 15 Rank the considerations (in order of priority) on a musical scale of (1-9) 1 being the highest and 10 being the lowest, if you are to make a decision to buy a nutritional supplement? * * Price * Company * Nutritional value * TV Ads * Doctors recommendation * Packaging * Someone elses recommendation, Please specify * Other, Please specify _____________________ 16 If I place you that per month cost of Pediasure is Rs. 2100 (1 serving per day) and the cost of supplement that you are using is ____________, then would you prefer buying Pediasure? Yes * No Product Comparison Product Comparison Approximately Analysis Powder Per 100gm Pediasure Comp. Promise PE Horlics jr. Meiji Big Enervit Junior Energy PER 100G 492 451 406 467 489 Calories Per Serving 225 200 101 185 Per Rs . Calories 3 3 3. 5 Nutrints Protien 14. 8 gm 16 gm 17. 5 gm 20 15 gm Fat 24. 6 gm 16 gm 7. 1 gm 19 24 gm Carbohydrate 52. 8 gm 61 gm 67. 5 gm 54 53. 4 gm FOS 1. 75 gm 1. 4 gm NA 2 gm Taurine 35. 4 mg 21 mg NA 33 30 mg Carnitine 8. 4 mg 7. 7 mg NA 10 mg Inositol 39. 4 mg 34 mg NA 40 mg Minerals Calcium 483 mg 563 mg 800 mg 700 490 mg Phosphorus 300 mg 383 mg NA 470 360 mg coat 4. 9 mg 5. 4 mg 4. 5 mg 4 3. 2 mg strapper 0. 5 mg 0. 39 mg 0. 34 mg 320ug 0. 37 mg Selenium 14. 8 microgram NA 20 mcg 14. 8 mcg Iron 6. 9 mg 8. 4 mg 14 mg 8 6. 9 mg Iodine 47. 3 mcg 42 mcg 90 mcg 100ug 62 mcg Niacin 8. 42 mg 3. 1 mg 6 mg 6 NA Magnesium 98 mg 50 mg NA 70 47 mg Sodium 227 mg 212 mg NA 270 200 mg kibibyte 640 mg 856 mg NA 970 570 mg Choloride 493 mg 495 mg NA 630 360 mg Manganese 1. 23 mg 0. 5 mg NA 45ug 25 mgChromium 15 mcg NA NA NA Molybdenum 24. 6 mcg NA NA NA Vitamins Vitamin A 1270 IU 1500 IU 300 mcg 1300IU 400 mcg Vitamin C 50 mg 54 mg 30 mg 55MG 50 mg Vitamin D 158 IU 301 IU 5 mcg 300IU 4 mcg Vitamin E 11. 4 IU 7. 4 IU 6 mg 6MG 8 mg Vitamin B1 1. 35 mg 0. 58 mg 0. 5 mg 0. 4MG 0. 9 mg Vitamin B2 1. 03 mg 0. 7 mg 1 mg 1. 6MG 1. 03 mg Vitamin B6 1. 3 mg 0. 56 mg 1 mg 0. 3MG 8 mg Vitamin B12 1. 5 mcg 1. 1 mcg 1. 8 mcg 2UG 1. 4 mcg Vitamin K 18. 8 mcg 28 mcg 30 mcg 25UG 20 mcg Nicotinamide 8. 4 mg NA NA 8 mg Pantothenic virulent 3. 45 mg 2. 5 mg NA 2MG 3. 4 mg Folic Acid 108 mcg 31 mcg 300 mcg 0. 1MG 100 mcg Biotin 18. 2 mcg 11 mcg NA 18 mcg Choline 148 mg 135 mg NA 80 mg surplus details about Promise PE Gold Powder Per 100gm Protein Alfa lactulbumin 0. 81 gm Fat Linoleic Acid 4054 mg DHA 8. 1 mg AA 12 mg Carbohydrates Lactose 29 gm Maltodextrine 11 gm edible corn Syrup Solid 11 gm Sucrose 9. 5 gm Vitamin Beta Carotine 68 mcg Nuclotides 12 mg Leutin 90 mcg Age 2-10 Years Dilution 5 scoops (44 gm) powder in one hundred seventy-five ml water Scoop Size 8. 8 gm Flavor Vanila Fat formulation contains thenar Olei n Oil